Kosovo Serbia Essay Example Essay Example

Kosovo Serbia Essay Example Paper Kosovo Serbia Essay Introduction The Historical Background: The collapse of Yugoslavia into smaller states is a significant event following the collapse of the Soviet Union. To understand the complexities involved in this outcome, we have to grasp the history of the region going back a millennium. The middle centuries of first millennia AD was a period of continuous change in Europe. There were widespread animosities between various tribes in their quest for geographic locations rich in natural resources. At this period of time, around 6th and 7th century AD, no one tribe could claim nativity over a piece of land as there were constant displacement from and conquering of new lands. It was then that â€Å"the Slavonic tribes, mixed with the Avars, made their appearance in the Balkans, which was sparsely inhabited by many different tribes of the Illyrians, the Dardanians, the Thracians and probably others whose names have fallen into oblivion† (Almond, 1998). The present day hostility between Albanians and Serb ians could be traced back to this period. Contemporary Albanians, who descended from the aforementioned tribal groups, were defeated in warfare by migrating Slavonic tribes. While some of the conquered were assimilated into Slavonic tribes, the rest took refuge in inaccessible geographic locations like mountain tops. The victorious Slavs on the other hand took control of the most fertile and irrigable lands in the region. Hence, the geography of the Balkans is an important aspect of ethnic rivalries there. Kosovo Serbia Essay Body Paragraphs â€Å"There is little doubt that the process of appropriating the possessions of the pre-existing population created a deeply felt resentment between those who lost their homes and their land and those who profited from the conquest. This hatred was transmitted from father to son over many generations and it became a constant factor in the relationship between the Serbs and the Albanians. Inherent to this feeling remained a strong desire to retake the lost areas if an opportunity appeared†. (Velebit, 1999) The other important historical development occurred during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when Serbian leader Nemanyitch made Kosovo his capital. This meant that Serbs who made Kosovo their home were forced out of this rich and fertile piece of geography. Serbian peasants suffered the most in the process. But the balance of power continued to change through the following centuries, with no particular ethnic group able to maintain dominance over other groups and geogra phic locations for long. Toward the end of the fourteenth century, some of the dominant groups staking claim for Kosovo were the Brankovitch, the Balstich, the Altomanovitch and the Hrebeljanovitch (Miller, 2001). The battle for ascendancy assumed a different complexion with the arrival of Ottoman Turks toward the end of the century. Unlike other contenders, the Ottoman Turks were more powerful, militarily better organized and renowned for shrewd tactics. Serbian attempts to push back Turkish troops were unsuccessful. The Ottoman inroad into the heart of Europe was finally accomplished at a great battle near river Maritsa in Macedonia. This is a turning point in the history of the Balkans. The subsequent Ottoman rule was marked by religious tension between the Mohammedan rulers and their Christian subjects. â€Å"This is particularly true in the first two hundred years of Turkish rule over southeastern Europe, when the natural economy prevailed and the central power of the sultans was still respected. After the gradual introduction of the money economy and the appearance of greedy and rapacious local pashas, the fate of the Christians deteriorated considerably and became almost unbearable. It led to religious conversions and numerous uprisings, which in the 17th and 18th centuries became a regular feature in the Ottoman Empire†. (Almond, 1998) From this boiling pot of different ethnicities, religions and languages, the state of Yugoslavia were to emerge. It wasn’t until the nineteenth century that the concept of Yugoslavia emerged. The word Yugoslavia, when literally translated, means â€Å"land of the South Slavs†. By early twentieth century, the word Yugoslavia became a rallying cry uniting all southern Slavs. Then the events of the two world wars, which had such a profound effect on the rest of the world, will determine the course of Balkan history for the rest of the twentieth century. At the Treaty of Versailles, the international com munity agreed to grant the Southern Slavs their united homeland and formed the nation of Yugoslavia in 1918. But, due to deep rooted linguistic and cultural differences between the various strands of southern Slavs, there would be continued political tension in the new nation. But this construed unity would be severely tested during the Second World War, when many minorities in the Balkans suffered under Nazi command. But in 1945 the concept of Yugoslav nationhood was reinvented and propagated by the dictator Tito. Tito, who started his political career as a communist in 1917, secured power in the fashion established in Serbia in the 19th century, by waging guerilla warfare against the Germans. Emerging victorious from World War II, Tito proclaimed the brotherhood and unity of the South Slavs. But true to a dictatorship, the post Second World War period saw Yugoslavian economy and culture attain stagnation due to the Cold War drama unfolding throughout Europe. That brings us to the last episode in the region’s history, which followed the collapse of the Soviet Union (Miller, 2001). Independence to Kosovo: A Just Result Given this historical background, the subsequent breaking up of Yugoslavia into smaller states is in the interest of its inhabitants as well as the mediating international community. We have to understand that autonomy to smaller geo-political entities divided on lines of ethnicity is the only viable solution for a region in perpetual turmoil for most of its modern history. The most recent episode in this political rearrangement is the independence of Kosovo from Serbia. This result is a welcome relief for all peace loving nations, including the United States. The Balkans, which had earlier been a theatre for Cold War animosities between the United States and the USSR, has finally seen peace and harmony, thanks mainly to the persistent and brave efforts of the United States government as well as the NATO. The numerous ethnic groups that i nhabit this resourceful landscape, including the Slavs, Croats, Serbs, Albanians, Bosnians, Slovenes, etc, can finally look forward to a period of peace and prosperity, thanks to the justified intervention by the NATO. The independence to Kosovo, which was achieved recently, is in the long term interests of both Kosovo as well as Serbia. A noteworthy aspect of the Kosovo conflict is the demonstration of what genuine peace loving nations such as United States can do. Under leadership from Washington D.C. 19 countries joined hands and stood shoulder to shoulder through tough and trying moments in recent world history. And the result is for all to see: â€Å"an end to the killing and ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. The ethnic Albanians of Kosovo, the underdog heroes of this saga, are streaming home to a safe and secure environment† (Beeman, 1999). Benefits for the United States and the rest of the World: Credit has to be given to the United States for bringing Slobodan Milosevic to trial in the international court in Hague. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Milosevic rose to power in the erstwhile Yugoslavia. Following on the legacy of Dictator Tito, he carried out many despicable atrocities against his own countrymen. The situation called for military and judicial intervention, both of which were provided by the American leadership. For example, â€Å"The history of the conflict over Kosovo is well known. For eleven weeks, NATO war planes continually degraded Serbia’s ability to wage war and conduct ethnic cleansing. In the last weeks of the war, a resurgent Kosovo Liberation Army (now flush with angry recruits from refugee camps) waged limited but important ground offensives in south-west Kosovo which finally forced Yugoslav troops from their protective warrens. Fully exposed to NATO air power, Serbian amour and troops suffered heavy losses. With Yugoslav army morale in tatters, NATO unified, and the KLA’s strength growing daily, Milosev ic finally realized his situation was untenable†. (Beeman, 1999) The role of the United States and NATO in this sustained effort to preserve basic human rights of the people of the Balkans cannot be overstated. It is also an accomplishment that NATO achieved its goals with no allied casualties and minimal civilian casualties. This is â€Å"an astounding feat, a testament to the use of high-tech warfare, and a warning to those considering a future course of action similar to Milosevic’s† (The Washington Times, 1998). As the then British Prime Minister Tony Blair noted, â€Å"NATO’s success in Kosovo will be the biggest deterrent to tyrants the world over and the biggest rallying cry for democracy† (The Washington Times, 1998). It is also a favorable result for American interests, as American leaders can focus their efforts on bringing peace and prosperity to the rest of the world. The result is a setback for Russian designs for the region. After the collapse of the Berlin Wall, Russia had pursued a policy of dominating â€Å"near abroad† nations. While the Balkans falls in this zone, the assertive intervention by NATO had reinforced the standing of the United States as the only superpower in the world, thus weakening Russian influence in the region. In the end, Russia paid for its opportunistic diplomatic maneuvers. Works Cited: Almond, Mark. â€Å"Balkanized: The Wonder Is Not That Serbia Attacked Kosovo, but That It Waited So Long.† National Review 20 Apr. 1998: 32+. â€Å"The Ancient History of Kosovo Is Irrelevant to Today’s Crisis.† The Washington Times 30 Aug. 1998: 2. Beeman, Josiah., â€Å"THE UNITED STATES, NATO and KOSOVO.† New Zealand International Review 24.5 (1999): 6. Doder, Dusko. â€Å"Yugoslavia: New War, Old Hatreds.† Foreign Policy Summer 1993: 3+. Miller, Nick. â€Å"Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise.† The Historian 63.4 (2001): 875. Velebit, Vladimir. †Å"Kosovo: A Case of Ethnic Change of Population.† East European Quarterly 33.2 (1999): 177. 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ASU Academic Calendar Essay Example

ASU Academic Calendar Essay Example ASU Academic Calendar Paper ASU Academic Calendar Paper Essay Topic: Academic Spring 2018 Session A: Monday, 01/08/2018 Tuesday, 02/27/2018 Session B: Monday, 03/12/2018 Friday, 04/27/2018 (ASU Online and iCourses may end on Tuesday, 05/01/2018) Session C: Monday, 01/08/2018 Friday, 04/27/2018 (Final Exams 04/30 05/05, 2018) Schedule of Classes Available September 18, 2017 Registration and Tuition Guide Available September 18, 2017 Registration Dates Begin ASU Online students: September 25, 2017 In-Person students: October 16, 2017 $50.00 Late Registration Fee Begins  (does not apply to ASU Online students) Session A December 31, 2017 Session B March 4, 2018 Session C December 31, 2017 Suggested Postmark Date to Meet Payment Deadline January 11, 2018 Classes Begin Session A January 8, 2018 Session B March 12, 2018 Session C January 8, 2018 Academic Status Reports – Faculty have the opportunity to provide weekly feedback during each session.   Students can view ASRs in MyASU within 24 hours after each weekly reporting period closes on Sundays Session A Jan 8 Feb 18, 2018 Session B Mar 12 Apr 22, 2018 Session C Jan 8 Apr 22, 2018 Extended Hours (Registration Sites Only) TBD Last Day to Register or Drop/Add Without College Approval Session A January 9, 2018 Session B March 13, 2018 Session C January 14, 2018 Residency Classification Petition Deadline January 12, 2018 Tuition Fees 100% Refund Deadline For more information see  Tuition and Refund Policy.  Note:  If you choose to  drop a class  or  withdraw from ASU  after this deadline, you may receive a bill for the financial aid used to cover those classes. Session A January 14, 2018 Session B March 18, 2018 Session C January 21, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline – For registration from 9/25/17 through 1/18/2018. For more information see Tuition and Deadlines January 25, 2018 Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday Observed University Closed January 15, 2018 University 21st Day Session A January 29, 2018 Session B April 2, 2018 Session C January 29, 2018 Deadline to Apply for Graduation (See also Grad Fair dates at Sun Devil Campus Bookstores) February 15, 2018 University 45th Day February 21, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline – For registration from 1/19/2018 through 2/18/2018. For more information see Tuition and Deadlines February 25, 2018 Spring Break – Classes Excused March 4 11, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline – For registration from 2/19/2018 through 3/18/2018. For more information see Tuition and Deadlines March 25, 2018 Course Withdrawal Deadline Session A January 26, 2018 Session B April 1, 2018 Session C April 1, 2018 Complete Session Withdrawal Deadline As part of a complete session withdrawal a student must withdraw from all classes in a session.   Beginning the first day of classes, undergraduate students are required to contact their college/school  to facilitate the withdrawal process.   For more information click  here. Session A February 27, 2018 Session B April 27, 2018 Session C April 27, 2018 Classes End/ Last Day to Process Transactions (Session B ASU Online iCourses may end Tuesday, 5/1/2018) Session A February 27, 2018 Session B April 27, 2018 Session C April 27, 2018 Study Days Session A N/A Session B N/A Session C April 28 29, 2018 Final Exams Session A Last day of classes Session B Last day of classes Session C April 30 May 5, 2018 Final Grades Due Session A March 2, 2018 Session B April 30 May 7, 2018 Session C April 30 May 7, 2018 Commencement   (Graduate and Undergraduate) May 7, 2018 Degree Conferral Date May 7, 2018 Grade Replacement/Academic Standing Processing May 8 9, 2018 Summer 2018 Session A: Wednesday, 05/16/2018 Tuesday, 06/26/2018 Session B: Friday, 06/29/2018 Thursday, 08/09/2018 Session C: Wednesday, 05/16/2018 Tuesday, 07/10/2018 Schedule of Classes Available February 6, 2018 Registration Dates Begin February 7, 2018 $50.00 Late Registration Fee Begins (does not apply to ASU Online students) Session A May 8, 2018 Session B June 21, 2018 Session C May 8, 2018 Suggested Postmark to Meet Tuition/Fee Payment Deadline May 11, 2018 Classes Begin Session A May 16, 2018 Session B June 29, 2018 Session C May 16, 2018 Last Day to Register or Drop/Add Without College Approval Session A May 17, 2018 Session B July 2, 2018 Session C May 17, 2018 Residency Classification Petition Deadline May 17, 2018 Tuition Fees 100% Refund Deadline For more information see  Tuition and Refund Policy. Session A May 20, 2018 Session B July 3, 2018 Session C May 20, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration through 5/18/18, 2018.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. May 25, 2018 Memorial Day Observed No Classes May 28, 2018 Course Withdrawal Deadline Session A June 5, 2018 Session B July 19, 2018 Session C June 5, 2018 Deadline to Apply for Graduation June 15, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration from 5/19/18 through 6/18/18.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. June 25, 2018 Independence Day Observed No Classes July 4, 2018 Complete Session Withdrawal Deadline As part of a complete session withdrawal a student must withdraw from all classes in a session.   Beginning the first day of classes, undergraduate students are required to contact their college/school  to facilitate the withdrawal process. Session A June 26, 2018 Session B August 9,   2018 Session C July 10, 2018 Classes End/ Last Day to Process Transactions Session A June 26, 2018 Session B August 9, 2018 Session C July 10, 2018 Final Grades Due Session A June 28, 2018 Session B August 11, 2018 Session C July 12, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration from 6/19/18 through 7/18/18.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. July 25, 2018 Degree Conferral Date August 9, 2018 Grade Replacement Processing August 13, 2018 Fall 2018 Session A: Thursday, 08/16/2018   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Friday, 10/05/2018 Session B: Wednesday, 10/10/2018   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Friday, 11/30/2018 Session C: Thursday, 08/16/2018   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Friday, 11/30/2018 (Final Exams 12/03/2018 12/08/2018) Schedule of Classes Available February 19, 2018 Registration and Tuition Guide Available February 19, 2018 Registration Dates Begin February 22, 2018 $50.00 Late Registration Fee Begins  (does not apply to ASU Online students) Session A August 8, 2018 Session B October 2, 2018 Session C August 8, 2018 Classes Begin Session A August 16, 2018 Session B October 10, 2018 Session C August 16, 2018 Academic Status Reports – Faculty have the opportunity to provide weekly feedback during each session.   Students can view ASRs in MyASU within 24 hours after each weekly reporting period closes on Sunday. Session A Aug 16 Sept 30, 2018 Session B Oct 10 Nov 25, 2018 Session C Aug 16 Nov 25, 2018 Extended Hours (Registration Sites Only) TBD Last Day to Register or Drop/Add Without College Approval Session A August 17, 2018 Session B October 11, 2018 Session C August 22, 2018 Residency Classification Petition Deadline August 22, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration through 8/18/2018.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. August 25, 2018 Labor Day Observed University Closed September 3, 2018 Tuition Fees 100% Refund Deadline For more information see  Tuition and Refund Policy.  Note:  If you choose to  drop a class  or  withdraw from ASU  after this deadline, you may receive a bill for the financial aid used to cover those classes. Session A August 22, 2018 Session B October 16, 2018 Session C August 29, 2018 University 21st Day Session A September 5, 2018 Session B October 30, 2018 Session C September 5, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration from 8/19/2018 through 9/18/2018.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. September 25, 2018 University 45th Day September 29, 2018 Deadline to Apply for Graduation October 1, 2018 Fall Break – Classes Excused October 6 October 9, 2018 Tuition Fee Payment Deadline   For registration from 9/19/2018 through 10/18/2018.   For more information see  Tuition and Deadlines. October 25, 2018 Course Withdrawal Deadline Session A September 5, 2018 Session B October 30, 2018 Session C October 31, 2018 Veterans Day Observed University Closed November 12, 2018 Thanksgiving Holiday Observed University Closed November 22 23, 2018 Complete Session Withdrawal Deadline As part of a complete session withdrawal a student must withdraw from all classes in a session.   Beginning the first day of classes, undergraduate students are required to contact their college/school  to facilitate the withdrawal process. Session A October 5, 2018 Session B November 30, 2018 Session C November 30, 2018 Classes End/ Last Day to Process Transactions Session A October 5, 2018 Session B November 30, 2018 Session C November 30, 2018 Study Days Session A N/A Session B N/A Session C December 1 2, 2018 Final Exams Session A Last day of classes Session B Last day of classes Session C December 3 8, 2018 Final Grades Due Session A October 8, 2018 Session B December 3 10, 2018 Session C December 3 10, 2018 Commencement   (Graduate and Undergraduate) December 10, 2018 Degree Conferral Date December 10, 2018 Grade Replacement/Academic Standing Processing December 11 12, 2018 Holiday Break University Closed December 24-25, 2018

Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario - Essay Example Before people commit crimes they have weighed the benefits and consequences of the act and since the teenage boy cannot find other better ways of satisfying his wants, so chooses burglary. Some of the components of the theory are free will which means that the offender (the teenage boy in our case) commits a crime willingly (Akers & Sellers 20). Expected utility principle implies that human beings tend to act, in a way, increases their benefits and satisfies their wants. This theory suitably explains the act of the teenage boy. He chooses burglary at his own will, and the purpose of the acts was to satisfy his want of getting a nice car and clothes so that he may get a girl. He had the option of finishing high schooling and getting a job but instead he, at his own will, choose to commit the crimes instead. The rational choice theory suggests that a crime is committed after the offender has carefully weighed the cost and benefits of the act (Akers & Sellers 30). As an explanation to criminal acts, this theory is valid because, for one, the offender commits a crime to achieve a certain personal goal like satisfying a human want and, therefore, before breaking the law he has to weigh and see if the goal is worth the consequences in case he is caught. Secondly, the theory states that offenders are self-interested, and they freely choose their behavior. This is true because being rational; a person cannot be forced to do something he thinks is not right. According to this theory, potential offenders can be persuaded to desist from committing a crime by increasing the fear of punishment. Since the crime is based on rational decisions made after analyzing the pros and cons of the act, increase the level of consequence can deter many offenders from committing crimes because the consequences will overweigh the benefits. In addition, this theory suggests that’s